“How complex or simple a structure is depends critically upon the way in which we describe it.”

 

— Herbert Simon, The Sciences of the Artificial (1969)

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Overview

Innovation requires more than creativity; it requires clarity, collaboration, critical thinking, and an environment where ideas can flourish. Diverse insights are synthesized into strategic directions that balance human needs, systems thinking, business strategy, and long-term societal impact.
 

Reading Material

• Cross, 2023 | Design thinking: What just happened?

• Nielsen, 2024 | Typologization of exclusionary design

• Tornroth & Nilsson, 2022 | Design thinking for the everyday aestheticisation of urban renewable energy